Frequently Asked Questions About OPT

Introduction

Optional Practical Training (OPT) allows eligible F-1 students to gain practical work experience related to their field of study. Because OPT involves specific eligibility requirements, application procedures, and employment restrictions, students should understand the process before making plans to work in the United States.

What Is OPT and Who Can Apply?

OPT is a temporary employment authorization available to qualifying F-1 students. The employment generally must be directly related to the student’s major area of study. Eligible students may generally receive up to 12 months of OPT, subject to applicable requirements. Certain students in qualifying science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields may also be eligible for a 24-month STEM OPT extension.

OPT can generally be used before or after completing a program of study. However, students must carefully consider how much of their available OPT they use before graduation because this can affect the amount remaining after completion of their studies.

When Should I Apply for OPT?

For post-completion OPT, students generally apply through U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) after obtaining the required recommendation from their designated school official. Timing is important because federal rules establish specific filing windows and employment cannot begin simply because an application has been submitted.

Students should also understand that receiving an Employment Authorization Document (EAD) is generally necessary before beginning OPT employment. The employment must comply with the applicable OPT requirements, including the relationship between the position and the student’s field of study.

Another common question concerns changing jobs while on OPT. Students may change qualifying employment, but they must continue meeting OPT requirements and report required information to their school as applicable. Unemployment limits can also apply, making it important to maintain qualifying employment and keep records of employment activities.

Conclusion

OPT can provide valuable professional experience while helping F-1 students transition from academic study to employment in the United States. However, application deadlines, employment requirements, reporting obligations, and potential STEM OPT considerations can make the process complicated.

This article provides general informational guidance and is not a substitute for legal advice. Immigration rules and individual circumstances can vary. Students with questions about OPT eligibility, timing, employment, or future immigration options should consult a qualified immigration attorney regarding their specific situation.