Understanding Eligibility for OPT

Introduction

Optional Practical Training (OPT) is an employment authorization option available to certain F-1 students who want practical experience related to their academic field. Understanding the basic eligibility requirements before applying can help students avoid misunderstandings about whether they qualify and what their OPT authorization permits.

Who May Qualify for OPT?

Generally, an F-1 student must have completed at least one full academic year of study at an eligible school before qualifying for practical training. OPT must be directly related to the student’s major or field of study. Students may generally receive up to 12 months of OPT at each higher educational level, subject to applicable requirements and limits.

OPT may be available before completion of a program or after completing the program. Post-completion OPT is commonly used by students who want to work in the United States after graduation. However, the type and timing of OPT can affect the amount of authorization available. Certain students with qualifying STEM degrees may also be eligible for a separate STEM OPT extension if additional requirements are satisfied.

Key Requirements to Consider

Eligibility is only one part of the process. The student’s designated school official (DSO) must recommend OPT in the Student and Exchange Visitor Information System (SEVIS), and the student must then apply to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) for employment authorization. USCIS issues an Employment Authorization Document (EAD) when the application is approved. Students generally should not begin OPT employment before they have the required authorization and the applicable start date.

Students should also consider their previous use of practical training. For example, certain periods of full-time curricular practical training (CPT) can affect OPT eligibility. Maintaining valid F-1 status and following the conditions of employment authorization are also important throughout the process. Because eligibility can depend on a student’s academic history, immigration status, and prior practical training, assumptions based on another student’s experience may be misleading.

Conclusion

Understanding OPT eligibility before filing can help students identify potential issues early and prepare a more complete application. Students with questions about their academic history, prior CPT or OPT, status, or potential STEM OPT eligibility may wish to discuss their circumstances with their DSO and, when appropriate, a qualified immigration attorney.

This article is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Immigration requirements may vary based on individual circumstances and can change over time. Readers should consult a qualified immigration attorney for legal advice regarding their specific situation.